Glaven Historian Complete Table of Contents – Blakeney Area Historical Society

The table below lists the contents of the issues 1 1998) to 19 (2024). This complete table of contents may be used to help identify articles in different issues of the Glaven Historian which may be of interest, based on the content of each entry in the table below.

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Issue	Year	Article Title	Author(s)	Page	Synopsis
1	1998	Editorial		2
1	1998	1586 Map of Blakeney Haven and Port of Cley: Part I	J Hooton	3	Since the publication of ‘The Glaven Ports’ I have once again turned my attention to finding out more about the 1586 map of Blakeney Haven and eventually, perhaps, to track down the original. Although the whereabouts of this map is currently a mystery, more information has come to light about the possible reasons why it was drawn, and this will be the subject of a further article in the next issue of this journal. Meanwhile, discussion about the map is bedevilled by the fact that there are many different copies. The following notes summarise my understanding to date, but this remains ‘work in progress’ and I should be grateful for any comments or corrections that readers can offer.
1	1998	Norfolk War Memorials Project 1918-1998	M Ferroussat	8	This year, 1998, is the 80th anniversary of the end of the First World War – which had touched the lives of everyone in the country: husbands, sons, lovers, friends – every family had lost someone. To commemorate the dead, memorials were erected throughout the country. In Norfolk there were 12,000 names to record. This year, a project is under way to ensure that these memorials and the men they commemorate will not be forgotten. This article explains what is being done, both within the county and in Blakeney in particular. It is envisaged that a second article will give some information about the Blakeney men whose names are listed.
1	1998	The Reverend James Pointer: Rector of Blakeney (1584-1621) and Wiveton (1591-1621)	J George	15	The sixteenth century was a time of great religious change. Henry VIII defied the authority of the Pope and persuaded Parliament to declare him Supreme Head of the Church in England. In the reign of Mary Tudor there were bloody attempts to return to the Church of Rome, but Queen Elizabeth re-affirmed the Anglican Church and established a compromise with Catholics, though quarrelling and dissent continued in many parts of the country. In this part of Norfolk, far away from London, most people were not greatly bothered by these changes. The passing years brought the cycle of seedtime and harvest – sometimes good, sometimes bad – and the toil of fishing, farming and trading continued. Life went on: no doubt some people objected to the new forms of service, but others accepted them or did not much care either way. It was towards the end of this turbulent century, in 1584, that James Pointer became Rector of Blakeney under the patronage of James Calthorpe.
1	1998	Taylor's Wood	M White	20	As a botanist, I have always been fascinated by the history of our landscape and the way in which it has been moulded by the activities of man. And here in Norfolk, which until late medieval times was one of the most heavily populated counties in England, every corner has a story to tell. Taylor’s Wood is no exception.
1	1998	The Blakeney and Cley Port Books	R Kelham	22	The port books represent one of the major sources for the historian interested in pre-19th century trade. They purport to be a record of all dutiable goods imported or exported, or sent coast-wise, over the period 1565 to 1780. Considering that at various times just about every commodity that could be traded could also be taxed, these records should give a pretty comprehensive overview of England’s ship-borne trade. But do they? This article presents some thoughts on this question and includes some extracts from selected port books. It is intended that some complete transcriptions will be included in future issues of the Journal.
1	1998	Sounds familiar …. but what does it mean?	The Editor	27	There is plenty of scope for using the Journal to present, in full, selected documents in order to show the kind of material that is available for the study of local history. The document selected for this first issue dates from the 16th century and can be seen in the Public Record Office at Kew. Kenneth Allen, whose extensive notes on the Glaven villages are in the Norfolk Record Office, had noted its existence but had not transcribed it in full, perhaps because its significance is not immediately clear. Readers are invited to see what they can make of it – letters to the Editor suggesting a solution would be very welcome!
1	1998	Bayfield Church: Resistivity Survey 1998	P Carnell & J Wright	30	One of the members of the The Blakeney Area Historical Society (BAHS), Dr Peter Carnell, has recently developed an expertise in resistivity surveying and has agreed to help the Society to survey selected local sites. This report records the first such survey and demonstrates that though the actual survey is relatively straightforward, interpretation of the findings is rather more difficult. At Bayfield Church the resistivity readings show various archaeological features which cannot be identified precisely but which provide an excellent focus for further study.
1	1998	What the papers said	The Editor	43	Norwich Mercury 4th January 1902. Two short articles of interest to Blakeney can be found in the Norwich Mercury of the 4th January 1902. The first was drawn to the editor’s attention by a friend and it was pure chance that in looking for it in the paper the second article was seen in the next column but one. The item on the Salvation Army is written in magnificent prose and one can imagine it being read aloud in Churchillian style. The second item concerns three members of the Long family, some of whose descendants still live in the village. The Longs have been the source for many local stories but this one does not seem to have been remembered.
1	1998	Domesday Blakeney	J Wright	46	The aim of this article is to make some explanatory comments on the Domesday entries for Blakeney. Unfortunately, this is not as easy as it sounds, for much of the content of the Domesday Book is not at all clear. In any case, it is difficult to study villages individually for in East Anglia there is no simple correspondence between village and manor. Just as one manor may have jurisdiction in several villages, so one village may owe allegiance to several manors. Any village, Blakeney included, therefore needs to be examined in relation to the pattern of landholding. A further aspect is that many of the social and economic conditions portrayed by Domesday are best seen from a study of the whole area, and the significance of the entries for one village may well be clearer after comparison with entries elsewhere. This article therefore looks at some of the features of Domesday not just for Blakeney but for the whole of the area known as Holt Hundred.
2	1999	Editorial		2
2	1999	1586 Map of Blakeney Haven and Port of Cley: Part II	J Wright	3	In the previous issue of this Journal, Jonathan Hooton identified and described all the known copies of the 1586 map of Blakeney Haven – though the whereabouts of the original remain unknown.’ He also noted that recent work by Dr Andy Wood of UEA had suggested that the map was drawn to provide evidence for a court case to decide whether the Manor of Wighton or the Manor of Cley had the rights of wreck and salvage on Stiffkey sands. This article outlines the nature of the case and presents some information contained in the evidence. The wealth of topographical detail will need to be considered in a separate article.
2	1999	Sounds familiar (Part II): The first New Cut?	J Wright	9	This article was completely unexpected. The previous issue of this Journal contained a transcription of two 16th century documents referring to a request to make a cut in Morston marshes that would be to the benefit of the ports of Cley and Blakeney. After this length of time, some 450 years, there appeared to be little prospect of finding the exact location of the cut – assuming that the work was carried out as intended. Yet, surprising as it may seem, it looks as if this very cut is still visible today.
2	1999	Norfolk War Memorials Project 1914-1918: Part II	M Ferroussat	14	The previous issue of this Journal contained an article on the Norfolk War Memorials project organized by the Royal Norfolk Regimental Museum to complement the National Inventory of War Memorials being compiled by the Imperial War Museum. The project aimed not only to recordad 1914-1918 memorials but also to obtain biographical information about the people they commemorate. The article also listed all those named on the various memorials in Blakeney. This second article summarizes the information which has been obtained not just for these Blakeney men but also for all those from Cley, Letheringsett and Wiveton who died in the Great War. Some of the additional material which the Society holds has been copied to the Royal Norfolk Regimental Museum in Norwich.
2	1999	Tunnel discovered at Blakeney!	J Wright	22	Many coastal villages, including Blakeney, are riddled with smugglers ‘ tunnels – so it is said. Yet the evidence is hard to come by: so many seem to have been lost, filled up or bricked in. So it h as with considerable interest that the author responded to an invitation to look at a tunnel that had just been discovered on the Low quay at Blakeney. Could this be a genuine tunnel at last? Read on!
2	1999	The Chapel on Blakeney Eye: some documentary evidence	J Wright	25	On the north-east comer of Blakeney Eye is a low earthwork containing slight traces of flint walling which suggests that a building once stood there. This site has long been known as the ‘ruined chapel’, but on what evidence? This article outlines what is known about the site from documentary’ sources. The BAHS has recently carried out some detailed surveys of these ruins and the initial results are described in a separate article in this issue of the Journal.
2	1999	The Chapel on Blakeney Eye: initial results of field surveys	P Carnell	34	During the winter of 1998/99 the BAHS undertook a detailed study of the ‘chapel ‘ ruins on Blakeney Eye, using a variety of survey techniques. Some useful information has been obtained and the first results are outlined in this article. Other reports will be prepared in due course after further analysis of the information obtained This article describes the principal surveys: height measurements, geophysics and molehill sampling. A separate article in this issue of the Journal outlines what is known about the site from documentary sources.
2	1999	A Note on Blakeney Garage	M White	46	Blakeney Garage is unusual for its date in that it was designed by an architect specifically for its purpose and site. As a result it complements older buildings in the vicinity and enhances the appearance of the village. This note outlines the stages by which it reached its present form.
2	1999	Memories of Blakeney in the 1930s	T Wright	48	On the 27^th March 1999 the author, born and brought up in the village, gave a talk to the Blakeney Sailing Club on the subject of Blakeney in the late 1920s and 1930s. This article is the text of his talk, making only those amendments essential to turn the piece from talk to written record. The content is drawn entirely from memory, although comments about particular events and dates have been checked where possible.
2	1999	What the papers said	The Editor	58	This first item is one account amongst many recorded in the papers of the day describing the jollifications which marked the coronation of Queen Victoria on 28^th June 1838. The report for Cley is longer than most and the details provided enable the reader to form a good mental picture of the day's events, which began in at the Salt Pans by the Mill and finished in a barn at the Old Hall. Will three quarters of the village population ever again assemble for such an entertainment?
2	1999	On being a house detective: Nos 145 & 147 High St. Blakeney	M Lee	60	During the autumn of 1998, under the auspices of UEA, the Society ran a 10 session course led by Mike Brackenbury to study English Vernacular Architecture. The course objective was to make a practical study of a local village house in order to attempt an interpretation of the various phases of the building’s life. Course members were introduced to the various techniques needed to undertake the study, including the preparation of plans from site measurements, the observation of the detail of both building and fittings, the use of sketches and photographs, and the potential of documentary records. No 145 in Blakeney High Street was selected for study thanks to the kind offer of Mrs Ruby Brown, and the adjoining property. No 147, was also examined courtesy of Mr and Mrs Peter Kenward. This article comments on the practical work and offers a personal interpretation of the building.
3	2000	Editorial		2
3	2000	The Park at Holt Hall	M White	3	This article describes the planting and development of the garden and parkland of Holt Hall, now Holt Hall School. The grounds were part of the manor of Holt, recorded in the Domesday Book as a Royal Manor held under the king. By the mid-thirteenth century there were two subsidiary manors: Holt Pereers to the north-west and Holt Hales to the southeast.
3	2000	Wiveton Churchyard: Monumental Inscriptions and Plan of Burials	M Ferroussat	7	People who visit a graveyard to feel the beauty and sadness of the place need know nothing of those who lie there. Even so, a chance find among the inscriptions, an accidental death, perhaps, or several children together, can add to the poignancy of the occasion. For others it is the search for ancestors or other relations which is the purpose of the visit. For this, an accessible plan of the graveyard and a listing of the stones it contains can be particularly useful. This article presents such a plan and listing for the churchyard at Wiveton.
3	2000	An exciting discovery: Medieval Glass found in Wiveton Church	S Woodhouse	18	The following article appeared in the June 2000 issue of the Glaven Valley Newsletter. Because of its intrinsic interest it seemed well worth reprinting in the Glaven Historian, and the work which the Society is carrying out at Wiveton makes this all the more appropriate. The Editor is grateful to the author for giving the necessary permission.
3	2000	Coals from Newcastle: Trade between Newcastle and north Norfolk 1508-1511	J Wright	20	In the medieval period Blakeney, Cley and Wiveton together formed one of the larger ports in the country. Not only did the harbour offer some shelter on a difficult coast but there was a major fishing industry and a substantial corn export trade. The changing fortunes of these ‘Glaven Ports’ over the centuries and their relative importance, both nationally and locally, are questions which warrant detailed study. Were the ports really as influential as some have assumed? The settlements were never large and, unlike Lynn and Yarmouth, had no large hinterland served by navigable rivers. In the national archives there are many references to the Blakeney Haven, with its locally- owned ships large enough to be pressed into the king’s service. But few of these references relate to trading activities other than the sale of fish. Apart from shipping lists, there is very little on which to base any statistical assessment of the country ‘s ports – until the recent publication of accounts for coal shipments out of Newcastle during three years in the early 1500s. This article presents in statistical form the entries which relate to the ports in north Norfolk. The content of the accounts is probably true ’ but there is no way of knowing if it represents a complete picture of the visits made by Norfolk ships to Newcastle.
3	2000	Norfolk War Memorials Project Part III: 1939-1945	M Ferroussat	36	The two previous issues of this Journal have contained articles on the local memorials from the First World War. This note summarises what is known about the local men who served and died in the Second World War.
3	2000	A Memorial to the Smith family: The Listed Stones of Wiveton Churchyard	P Peake and J Peake	38	The gravestone of Thomas Smith, one of the oldest and most easily identified stones in the churchyard of St Mary, Wiveton, lies just inside the gate and to the right of the gravel path Who can fail to notice it with the tools of a millwright’s profession so clearly depicted above the inscription and then not pause and wonder at the life and times of Thomas Smith? Living to the grand old age of 82, he was born in 1643, just one year after Abel Tasman discovered New Zealand in the South Pacific. He was too late to see the fire across the marsh that destroyed so much of Cley Newgate and certainly too late for the heyday of Wiveton as a port, but it is just possible that he heard stories from his grandparents about these events. Then what about the other Smith gravestones that lie close by and are from a similar period of time? Are they all members of the same family?The discovery that one of these gravestones is a ‘listed’ site in Wiveton coincided firstly with some work being done on the early Parish Registers, then with an opportunity to look at a collection of Smith family papers in the Wiveton Deed Box. It all conspired to make this an opportune moment to investigate further and find some answers to these question.
3	2000	The Blakeney Disaster of 1861	J Wright	50	The twin themes in this issue of the Glaven Historian are ships and gravestones, a chance result of the topics that authors have chosen. This note brings the two themes together. The existence of gravestones in Blakeney churchyard recalling a disastrous rescue attempt that took place in 1861 is well known, but little seems to have been written about it. On the assumption that such an event would have received newspaper coverage, a search was made and two items turned up (though there may be others). Does anyone have more information about this disaster? Who were the eight men who drowned?
3	2000	Some gleanings from the Ship Registers	R Kelham	53	For all that we may complain about it, bureaucracy is the raw material of history. Yet those who study the history of ships in north Norfolk are especially poorly served. The Muster Rolls and the Port Books give some information, but often no more than the master’s name and the burthen, and the Blakeney Cley Port Books finish in 1780. Not until the 19^th century do we get systematic detailed information about local ships from the Ship Registers: those for the Glaven ports survive from 1826 to 1855 when Blakeney & Cley cease to be a port of registration. This article presents a selection of entries from the Registers.
4	2001	Editorial		2
4	2001	The Bridges of Wiveton	J Wright	3	With an origin going back well into the 1300s the present bridge is almost the oldest building in Wiveton – as well as being one of the oldest bridges in Norfolk – and some account of its history is long overdue. It is not just the structure that deserves comment, for the bridge provides a constant element in the changing landscape of the Glaven valley and therefore helps in the interpretation of documentary and other evidence. Moreover, there used to be another bridge on the other side of the valley, over a separate arm of the Glaven, until it was demolished in the 1700s. This article therefore has three parts: the present bridge, the nature of the valley in which it sits, and then the history of the two bridges up till the time of the Enclosure which finally excluded tidal water from the Glaven valley. It should be noted that the article is based largely on documents in the Norfolk Record Office: little fieldwork has yet been carried out.
4	2001	Trade Tokens discovered in Wiveton	P Carnell	24	Almost 1,200 metal objects, one third of them coins and tokens, have been discovered recently by metal detectorists in the Wiveton area. Most of these objects have been identified as far as their condition will allow, and their location in the ground has also been recorded. The author has made a detailed study of these records and in this article he describes the tokens, sets them into their historical context, and comments on their relevance to the history of the Glaven valley.
4	2001	One of the Churches that Cromwell knocked about a bit – or not?	E Rose	37	In her article reprinted in the Glaven Historian No.3, Sarah Woodhouse describes the discovery of medieval stained glass in a north chancel window at Wiveton church. This is indeed an important and interesting discovery. However, it is not necessarily the case that the windows were ‘bricked up by the desolate Wiveton parishioners after Cromwell’s men had travelled the coast smashing statues and windows ‘. Other possibilities are examined in this paper.
4	2001	The Stained Glass of Wiveton Church: another view.	J Wright	40	Edwin Rose‘s article in this issue of the Glaven Historian opens up the question of when the stained glass in the chancel of Wiveton church was broken and the windows bricked up. He suggests that there are three periods in history when this might have been done: at the Reformation in the mid 1500s, at the time of the Civil War in the 1640s or during the 1700s when support for the church waned and many churches were allowed to deteriorate. On the evidence of the brick infill he concludes that the latter period is the most likely time for the glass to have been removed and the window blocked This response suggests, in the absence of any actual evidence for depredations by Cromwell‘s supporters in the area, that the damage was probably done during the Reformation.
4	2001	Medieval Walls in a Wiveton Rose Bed	J Wright	42	Late in 1995 the owner of Wiveton Barn, in Leatherpool Lane, Wiveton, rang the author to say that he had found in his garden a wall below ground level while trenching for a new rose bed. It was agreed that the BHG should visit the site, extend the excavation where possible, and record the results. This article describes briefly the findings, noting as well some of the lessons learnt about how (and how not) to conduct such an excavation. In the following Spring the walls were reburied and nothing of them can now be seen.
4	2001	Flint Walls: A Preliminary Survey of Walls in Wiveton	J Peake	54	Flint walls are a striking feature of the landscape bordering the Blakeney Haven, yet there is remarkably little recorded information. This paper explores their distribution in one village, Wiveton, and examines how they were constructed, when were they built and suggests some possible uses, relying primarily on evidence drawn from field observations. Walls have been part of the local landscape since at least the 14^th century, but the materials and method of construction means there has been a continuous process of repair and renewal. Nevertheless, they still provide a unique insight into local topography and organisation of the village by, for example, defining old boundaries, demonstrating how the landscape has been modified and indicating the status of selected buildings.
5	2002	Editorial		2
5	2002	Medieval Jettons discovered in Wiveton	P Carnell	3	Nearly 1,200 metal objects, half of them coins, tokens and jettons, have been recovered recently by metal detectorists in the Wiveton area. The author has made a detailed study of these objects and has already published, in the previous issue of The Glaven Hislorian a report on the tokens. This article describes a collection of 120 metal counters, or jettons, and shows how analysis can give an insight into their use and add to our knowledge of the area in medieval and Tudor times.
5	2002	Morston Road, Blakeney: Building in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries	M White	17	The old core of Blakeney village is clearly contained within High Street and Westgate Street – except for an outlier a short way along Morston Road This additional part of the village, generally known as Greencroft, has a surprisingly early origin. This article outlines the building history of the area up to 1900.
5	2002	The Origins of Blakeney Chruch	J Wright	26	There is a prevailing view that Carmelite friars built Blakeney church in 1296 hence the events of 1996 celebrating the 700^thanniversary of the founding of the church. Since 1296 the chancel has survived largely unscathed by the rebuilding of the rest of the church in c. 1435 and by subsequent renovations. This article looks at the arguments for the role of the Carmelites and the date of 1296 and concludes that there is no real evidence for either.
5	2002	Field Walking at Manor Farm, Field Dalling	E Hotblack	35	This article presents a summary of the field walking that has been carried out at Manor Farm in Field Dalling since 1984. The author describes how his interest began almost by accident and developed over the years with practice in the field and searching relevant literature. The emphasis is on the finds and on the conditions best suited to their discovery, with some comments on implications.
5	2002	The Family of John Baines, Master Mariner	P Peake	45	This article examines the fortunes of the Baines family in Blakeney from the arrival and settlement of John Baines, together with his acquisition of property under the 1824 Inclosure Act. The family were quintessentially seafarers and their demise follows the decline of the harbour through until the twentieth century when the family name disappeared having survived for just five generations.
5	2002	The William and Thomas: Trading Accounts (1726-1733)	R Jefferson	58	ln 1995 there came to light a new source of information about the trading activities of Blakeney Haven in the eighteenth century. The source is a notebook containing the accounts of 31 voyages made between 1726 and 1733 and also some other accounts, mostly relating to the sale of coal The writing is that of William Jennis of Weybourne. This article shows how the book came to be in the author ‘s possession and describes its contents, but does not attempt any systematic analysis of the material.
5	2002	The old ‘Guildhall’ at Blakeney	J Wright	66	The ‘Guildhall ‘ in Blakeney is an enigmatic building. Its architecture is a guide to its age but nothing is known about its early history. Last year (2001) BAHS was asked to prepare a revised text to be displayed in the Guildhall. This was done but documentary research has continued and this article presents the results to date – but there is still no break-through on its origins.
6	2003	Editorial		2
6	2003	W J J Bolding (1815-1899), Pioneer North Norfolk Photographer	R Jefferson	3	An introduction to work of a pioneer photographer from Weybourne. As well as giving family background, the author traces connections with members the Norwich School of painters.
6	2003	The Ann of Clay Capt Francis Plumb 1841	J Hooton	15	The author gives background on the artistic genre known as “pierhead painting” and traces the origin of a particular example which features a locally owned vessel
6	2003	Reminiscences of the Glaven Valley: Care of the Dying and the Dead in the First 50 years of the 20th Century	M White	20	An account of local nursing and funeral practices in the first half of the 20th century with reference to the customs and personalities as recalled by some of the people who lived in the Glaven villages at that time and was collected by the author at the suggestion of the present Rector, the Rev. Philip Norwood.
6	2003	A Family of Substance: George Brigge of Wiveton and his relatives	P Peake	28	The brass memorials for George and Anne Brigge and the earlier cadaver are the starting points for exploring this family that held a manor in Wiveton, now known as Wiveton Brigges, yet seemingly never lived in the parish. Early colour is provided by wills from the 16th century, highlighting a family of substance with property across the county. They were essentially medieval in outlook where values of honour, integrity of an inheritance and the permanence of the name were paramount. Nowhere is this more clearly seen than in George Brigge’s will, while his memorial is a lasting legacy to the family.
6	2003	The Glebe Terriers of Cley: Changes in the Landscape during the 17th & 18th Centuries	J Peake	43	Changes in field patterns in Cley are analysed using a sequence of 200 years of glebe terriers. The few years between 1760 and 1765 are identified as the period when the medieval pattern of open fields largely disappeared and a new order was established Information on 4 parsonages is presented and the Thomlinson family identified as key players in initiating change.
6	2003	Some comments on the Blakeney Census of 1871	J Wright	59	Some 25 years ago the author copied out, on visits to Public Record Office in London, the 1871 census returns for Blakeney. While looking for names to append to the family tree, other questions came to mind. What were the occupations of the residents? How many were born in Blakeney? How many children were there? Could comparison with the censuses of 1770 and 1971 help to illustrate long-term social changes? This article revisits notes made at the time, but it remains a collection of comments rather than a systematic demographic study.
6	2003	Further Field Walking at Field Dalling	E Hotblack	64	A follow up to two sessions of field walking undertaken by BAHS members.
6	2003	Blakeney Eye: some Comments on Current Investigations	J Wright	68	The Chapel on Blakeney Eye has been a ‘fact’ of local history for centuries yet evidence of its existence is hard to come by. The BAHS recently (1998/99) carried out field work at the site and prepared an account of the surviving documents. Even more recently (2002/03) an extensive archaeological investigation of the Eye has been conducted on behalf of the Environment Agency. This note outlines the nature of the studies. Any fuller account must await the release of the detailed report on the work carried out and the interpretation of finds.
6	2003	Back Pages	[Various]	72	Snippets: Them stones, them dry stones, J Peake Feedback: Importation of Stone for memorials, R Kelham Snippet: From the Norfolk Chronicle 1770 Feedback: The Windows of Wiveton Church – an additional note, EJ Rose Obituary: Basil Greenhill
7	2004	Editorial		2
7	2004	Five Thousand Years on Blakeney Eye	C Birks	3	An excavation carried out on Blakeney Eye in 2003 produced evidence of human use of the site since prehistoric times and expanded knowledge of the ‘chapel’ structure. A gold bracteate from about the 6th century demonstrated wider cultural links during this period, as did pottery from the 15th and 16th centuries. Beneath the turf surface the ‘chapel’ consists of two separate cells, one with substantial walls having a cobbled area at the western end.
7	2004	Punt-gunning on Blakeney Harbour: Extracts From the Wildfowling Journal of William Bolding Monement	R Jefferson, B Johnson and F Hawes	23	W Bolding Monement (1846-1925) was one of the leading gentleman wildfowlers of his day. He lived in Weybourne in the house that is now the Maltings Hotel which he had inherited from his uncle W J J Bolding whose photography was the subject of an article in The Glaven Historian No.6. His wildfowling journal, kept in a hardback morocco-bordered exercise book, was started in 1880 and covered not only three trips to Scotland and the Hebridies and seven to the Netherlands but also these two accounts of punt-gunning locally.
7	2004	‘They seek them here, they seek them there’ or the Migration of people to and from the three Glaven Villages in the second half of the nineteenth Century:	J Peake	30	Using the census records for 1851 and 1881 the movements of people to and from Blakeney, Wiveton and Cley are explored. Short distance migration was prevalent, with long distance being to London and more importantly north to Westoe and South Shields. The population in the villages fell by 20% and the importance of migrants in maintaining their vitality is discussed. The effect of this fall was not spread evenly across the community and its impact on the villages is discussed.
7	2004	A very Brief History of The Blakeney Players	J Harcourt	42	A very brief history of a group of amateur thespians and their place in the community. This is put into its historical context in the days before entertainment became largely passive.
7	2004	A Port in Decline: Blakeney & Cley 1850-1914	J Hooton	46	An analysis of the period from the mid-nineteenth century that marked the terminal decline and extinction of the Glaven ports drawing on Ships’ Registers and Harbour Company’s records among other sources.
7	2004	Investigation of a Late Iron Age or early Roman burial at Letheringsett with Glandford, Norfolk	D Gurney	56	Following the discovery of a patera, an investigation to establish its immediate context indicates that the vessel forms part of a richly-furnished Late Iron Age or early Roman burial.
7	2004	The Highs and Lows of living in Blakeney – Some thoughts on Mariners and their Memorials	P Peake	60	Some of the last vestiges of Blakeney’s maritime heritage are to be found amongst the headstones in the churchyard of St. Nicholas. They are the monumental inscriptions that provide tantalising glimpses of sea-faring families, clues to lifeboats, tales of wrecks in far off places, named vessels and tragic misadventure. This article explores some of the stories behind these inscriptions.
7	2004	Back Pages	[Various]	76	Snippets: Poetry Please, P Wordingham Snippets: Worth their Salt, R Kelham The Origins of Taylor's Wood, R Kelham And Finally… The Measurement of Ships, R Kelham From the Norwich Chronicle
8	2005	Editorial		2
8	2005	“Minstrel” Biography of a Sailing Ship	J Hooton	3	The "Minstrel" traded during the second half of the 19th century and into the next, visiting Blakeney and other ports along the North Norfolk coast. Here the wealth of information about the schooner is retrieved, from voyages along the coast and overseas to the people who built, owned and sailed her.
8	2005	Kenneth Ernest William Allen 1909-1992 – An appreciation:	RB Dew	12
8	2005	Innkeepers and Blacksmiths of Blakeney – The Allen Connection	P Peake	17	Blacksmiths and innkeepers were at the heart of every successful Victorian village and with four blacksmiths in the family and 40 years at the Kings Arms, the Allens were undoubtedly major players. Their integration into the community, family fortunes and vicissitudes, provides the glue to a story of the role of blacksmiths, innkeepers and their premises. From 1861 till just beyond the twentieth century Domesday, it reveals a rather surprising perspective of Blakeney at a time of significant change.
8	2005	Some Historically Significant Trees in Norfolk	J White	32	At first glance Norfolk may seem to be devoid of significant trees but this is certainly not true There is a wealth of arboreal diversity and history equal to any other county in England; some of this diversity is explored in this paper.
8	2005	“Lest We Forget” HMS Princess Victoria and War Graves in North Norfolk Churchyards	R Jefferson	47	The chance discovery of the graves of three World War II Royal Navy seamen in Cley churchyard, all from a minelayer (converted from a pre-war car ferry), started a search for more information. HMS Princess Victoria struck a mine near the mouth of the River Humber close to midnight on 18th May 1940 and sank within minutes with the loss of 37 lives. Only 9 of the casualties have known graves, and 7 of those are in Norfolk, the bodies being washed up on our North Norfolk coast a month later.
8	2005	A Snapshot of Blakeney Haven in 1565	J Peake	58	Churches surrounding Blakeney Haven are rich in ship graffiti, much of it probably dating from the 15th and 16th centuries and later. The community who produced these drawings is explored using a 1565 Survey of the ports, creeks and landing places in Norfolk.
8	2005	Blakeney Point and University College London	DJB White	68	An account of Professor F W Oliver’s part in securing Blakeney Point as a nature reserve, and of the consequent relationship between the Botany Department of University College London with the Point which has lasted for 95 years. Blakeney Point became a National Nature Reserve in 1994.
8	2005	Back Pages	[Various]	74	Work in Progress: The Cockthorpe Project, F Hawes and P Peake From the Norwich Mercury: Smugglers From the Norwich Mercury: Property Announcements From the Norwich Mercury: Election Fever!, M White
9	2006	Editorial		2
9	2006	A Report on the Archaeological Excavation of ‘Blakeney Chapel’	R Lee	3	During 2004-5 a long overdue evaluation and detailed excavation of the ‘Chapel’ site was undertaken. It demonstrated three major periods of activity and the presence of two buildings. It is thought that the earliest feature is a ditched enclosure dated from the 11th to 12th century. Two buildings were occupied during the 14th to 15th and the 16th to 17th centuries. Possible uses of the site are explored.
9	2006	The Shipping Survey of 1572	J Hooton	22	The shipping survey of 1572 is interesting in that it records Blakeney as being a creek of Yarmouth, but Cley and Wiveton as being creeks of Lynn. Most of the other evidence examined points to all three ports being creeks of Yarmouth. The survey is then compared with those of 1565 and 1580 and it is found that there is surprisingly little continuity in the information. It appears likely that differences in the way the surveys were compiled could account for this, but caution is needed when relying solely on these surveys for an accurate picture of 16th century shipping.
9	2006	The Map of the Blakeney Haven and Port of Cley – 1586	R Frostick	29
9	2006	Early sixteenth century wills of Langham as indicators of religious change	M Medlar	31	The religious outlook of the people of Langham in the first forty years of the sixteenth century is explored through the Contents of surviving wills.
9	2006	Friendly Societies in the Blakeney area	B Stibbons	37	This article outlines the importance of Friendly Societies to the working and middle classes in the nineteenth century and, using research on societies in the Blakeney area, gives examples of their membership and how the Societies were organised. Over 550 were identified in Norfolk, including local independent societies and branches of national orders, such as the Independent Order of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, and Ancient Order of Foresters.
9	2006	Blakeney’s ‘Map of the World’ in 1368	J Wright	49	An inventory of 1368 shows that Blakeney Church contained a ‘mappa mundi’, a rare possession at that date. Could this description refer to a ‘world map’ in the style of the one in Hereford Cathedral today? This article explores other possibilities and concludes, as did an early Guide to Blakeney Church, that this ‘mappa mundi’ would have been a geographical text rather than a drawn map.
9	2006	An Anglo-Saxon Burial at Bayfield (Letheringsett-with-Glandford)	K Penn and D Whitmore	56	Issue No 7 of the Glaven Historian carried a report on the discovery and investigation of an isolated burial; the grave-goods appeared to point to a date somewhere in the 1st century AD, that is the late Iron Age or the early Roman period. Full excavation and study of the whole assemblage showed that the burial belonged to the Saxon period, probably in the first half of the 7th century. The grave-goods also have quite strong Frankish associations, in particular, the rouletted pot; fabric analysis indicates that this came from the Pas-de-Calais, France.
9	2006	Carved Roof Panels at All Saints, Cockthorpe	J Peake	61	Cockthorpe Church contains three, probably 15th century, roof panels that are possibly unique in this area of North Norfolk. The panels show an amazing array of carved foils.
9	2006	Cockthorpe Churchyard: The Monuments and Monumental Inscriptions	P Peake	66	The Monuments and Monumental Inscriptions of the churchyard of All Saints, Cockthorpe are recorded and discussed in light of changing social patterns, the church registers and the local community.
9	2006	Sixty Years of Village Housing: the Diamond Jubilee of the Blakeney Neighbourhood Housing Society	R Kelham	73	A brief outline of the origins of this pioneering example of the combination of local housing provision and conservation, and a few notes on the origin of the Society’s emblem. Photographs are from the BNHS archives.
9	2006	Back Pages	[Various]	77	Danish influence on Place Names, M Arthur From the School Registers, P Peake Wet-nurses at Stiffkey, J Peake
10	2007	Editorial		2
10	2007	Church & other Organs in the Glaven Valley	A Hayden	3	Church organs have a long history dating back to at least the 12th century. In the Glaven Valley and some of the surrounding villages there are a number of fine historic organs from the 19th century that illustrate a range of these instruments and their builders.
10	2007	The Mysterious Green Man	G Worton	9	This article explores the enigmatic carvings, pictures etc. depicting the ‘Green Man’ who appears in so many Norfolk churches. It considers his place in history and folklore before discussing his various guises and where he might be found.
10	2007	Blakeney Ships and their Owners in the mid 19th Century	M Stammers	17	Based on the local Shipping Registers and other records, an analysis of the characteristics of ships acquired in Blakeney, Cley and district between 1839 and 1873 is presented. This information, together with a breakdown of the shareholders allows the substantial non-maritime investment and also the value, earnings and trades to be placed in the general context of mid 19th century rural ports.
10	2007	The Catling Ship Models	J Hooton	23	A brief biography of Peter Catling and an account of his ship models.
10	2007	The Calthorpes in Norfolk “a clan rather than a family”	P Peake	29	The history of the Calthorpe family in North Norfolk is explored, thereby placing their presence in the lower Glaven valley in a wider context. Their financial fortunes are followed through centuries of land ownership, advantageous marriages, religious turmoil, political unrest and public service. It demonstrates the versatility and survival of this family extending through 21 generations.
10	2007	Rural Settlement in North Norfolk	M Medlar	49	The area between the Glaven and Stiffkey valleys is one of undulating terrain covered with a variety of soils. In this article the author will explore the development of settlement in the parishes of Glandford, Saxlingham, Langham, Field Dalling, Cockthorpe and Binham in the medieval period between the compiling of the Doomsday Book (1086) and the Dissolution of the Monasteries (circa 1540). The evidence from the printed sources, original maps and documents, as well as from the modern landscape, will be used in this interpretation, but more detailed analysis of archaeological finds could enable a fuller picture of each settlement to be constructed.
10	2007	Archaeological Excavations in Wiveton Village – preliminary results from the Higher Education Field Academy CORS test pits in 2006	C Lewis	57	Fourteen test pits were excavated in Wiveton by children from surrounding schools working under the auspices of HEFA and CORS schemes. These pits were distributed throughout the village and material recovered from them, particularly pottery, has been identified and phosphate levels of soil samples have been analysed. The distribution of the different pottery types provides some interesting and provocative ideas on the early history of the village. It suggests that there was possibly a hiatus in the population between the Black Death and the mid-16th century and that the centre of the village lay to the north of the church.
10	2007	Back Pages	[Various]	71	Maps, J Peake Trust not the 21st century Oracle, F Hawes
11	2008	Edtorial		2
11	2008	Henry Tyrell - Shipbuilder	M Stammers	3	A brief biography of a 19th century north Norfolk shipbuilder with a list of all the ships he is known to have built.
11	2008	Enclosure in Langham 1815 to 1820: winners and losers	M Medlar	8	The author looks at the enclosure of Langham following the Act of 1815 to see who gained and who lost as a result of the enclosure award.
11	2008	Peter Catling's Ship Models – Part 2	J Hooton	16	In the Glaven Historian No 10 I wrote an article about Peter Catling and his ship models. This article is meant to complement that one by giving some background information about the vessels that Peter modelled.
11	2008	Mysteries of Stiffkey churchyard	J Wright	23	In 2007 the Stiffkey Parochial Church Council invited the author to help prepare a new edition of the Guide to the Parish Church (published in March 2008). This stimulated further research on the history of both church and village. Three particular questions about the church are addressed in this article. Some new evidence is brought to bear but definitive answers remain elusive.
11	2008	The Iconography of peace – the retable in the chapel of St Thomas à Becket, Blakeney	N Batcock	44
11	2008	Comparing and Contrasting the Communities of Kelling and Weybourne in the 19th and 20th centuries	B Worton	47	This paper is based on a dissertation submitted as part of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree in Local and Regional History at the University of East Anglia. A study is made of population, occupations, and instruments of change to support a theory that Kelling and Weybourne are examples of ‘close’ and ‘open’ villages respectively.
11	2008	Back Pages	[Various]	61	Wall Panels – an update: Salthouse Church, J Peake More from the School Registers, P Peake Quaint Old Cley Customs, R Kelham
12	2010	Editorial		2
12	2010	The Military Survey of 1522	J Wright	3	The Military Survey of 1522 appeared to be a muster of all able-bodied males aged 16-60 but the government of the day had an ulterior motive: to prepare for a substantial tax in the form of a ‘forced loan’ to Henry VIII. The records for some parts of Norfolk have survived, including those for Holt Hundred which includes the Glaven parishes. This article describes the nature of the Survey, comments on the Holt Hundred document, and lists all the people recorded in Blakeney, Cley and Wiveton.
12	2010	The Blakeney & Cley Golf Club	[Various]	19	Memories, P Page Blakeney Workmen’s Golf Club, J Peake Extracts from the Minute Book, J Peake
12	2010	Wrench vs Wrench – A Case in Chancery	J Rodgers	27	Between 1832 and 1852 a Morston-based family had problems over the division between themselves of various properties. They resorted to the court of Chancery to find a solution. The consequences are examined using records available at The National Archives.
12	2010	'Stormy Weather' The Ramms of Cley in the early 19th Century	S Dobson	32	During the early part of the nineteenth century members of the Ramm family had their lives and fortunes shaped by their close association with the sea. This relationship is explored using information found in newspapers, wills, Lloyd’s Registers of Shipping and other sources.
12	2010	The Little Red Box A Short History of British Post Boxes	DA Perryman	46	The development of letter boxes in the UK is traced from their introduction in the Channel Isles in 1852 to the present day, together with a detailed account of the boxes surviving in the Blakeney area.
12	2010	The Dean & Chapter Estate in Field Dalling. 1526 to1900	M Medlar	56	The author looks at the problems faced by the Dean and Chapter of Norwich Cathedral over the 400 years when it owned property in Field Dalling. He explores how it tried to regain control of the estate after nearly 200 years of long leases
12	2010	The Blakeney War Census – 1942	P Peake	65	The survival of a World War II census for Blakeney is a bonus for local historians. This article is primarily a transcript and analysis making the census available to a wider audience. Observations on the housing reveal how present day Blakeney has evolved from the village described in 1942.
12	2010	History of The Cley Hall Estate The Emergence of the Hardys 1839-1855	J Ebdon	84	The 1839 catalogue and plan of the Cley Hall Estate together with an estate map of the same year are used to examine the Estate assembled by the Thomlinsons in Cley and the subsequent purchase by the Hardy family from Letheringsett. The substantial expansion by William Hardy II enhanced his wealth and his social position.
12	2010	Back Pages	[Various]	95	Henry Tyrrell, Shipbuilder, some additional facts, M Stammers John Baines revisited, P Peake New Found News, S Dobson
13	2012	Editorial		2
13	2012	Morston 400 years Ago	J Wright	3	Fieldbooks for Morston, prepared between c.1480 and 1619 and containing detailed descriptions of each piece of land in the parish, suggest that the agricultural landscape changed little during that period. The books can be used to illustrate aspects of life in Morston 400 years ago, and could yield more if used in conjunction with other documents and field studies.
13	2012	Alfred Magnus Catling (1883-1961)	S East	17	From the wealth, privilege and education provided by birth in the London suburbs of Victorian and Edwardian England to an isolated small village on the edge of the North Sea. This was the journey taken by Alfred Magnus “Curly” Catling and his assimilation into this community. A story that includes his role as a bird collector and naturalist. “Curly” Catling, as he was affectionately known, was a link between wildfowlers and naturalists. "I can tell his story for he was an old friend of mine. I knew him when quite a young man and long after he had become a kind of “museum piece” in his old age whom everybody liked to visit in his little house looking out over the saltmarshes where he has lived so long and which he loved so well. ” CR Borrer 1961
13	2012	The Lively of the Port of Cley, Norfolk	S Dobson	25	The ‘Lively’, a snow-rigged brig, was owned by Howard Ramm from 1837 to 1861; it was instrumental in making him a prosperous man. Using information from Lloyds’ Shipping Registers & Lists, Newspapers and other sources it has been possible to chart some of the highs and lows of the working life of this durable little ship.
13	2012	The Quay at Cley	F Hawes	35	Changes in the ownership and uses of the Quay at Cley next the Sea since the sixteenth century and of buildings surrounding it during the last two hundred years are described from a mixture of published records and village memories.
13	2012	Ralph Greneway: more than a Myth	P Peake	45	This article explores Ralph Greneway and his close relatives through the content of surviving wills, establishing them as a close-knit successful Tudor family. Geographically they spread from rural Norfolk to the city of London where they became prosperous merchants and members of the governing elite, yet never seemingly forgetting their place of birth.
13	2012	The Dutchman and the “king’s broad seale” embanking the North Norfolk Coast	P Smith	61	Jan van Haesdoncke is best known around the Blakeney Haven for the part he paid in reclaiming land from the sea. Though he went armed with “the king’s broad seale” that empowered him to enclose sea marshes around East Anglia and even in Cheshire and other parts of the country, Van Haesdoncke was not always successful. And despite his heroic efforts on behalf of the Stuart House during the civil wars, he died still owed considerable sums of money by the restored King Charles II.
13	2012	Birth of the Blakeney 12	S Hill	66	February 2012 saw the 50th anniversary of the Blakeney 12. The first steps in its formation and early development, initially under the chairmanship of Dr. Thomas Acheson and subsequently under his successor Stratton Long, are investigated.
13	2012	A Shopkeeper of Cley in the 16th Century	J Peake	73	An inventory made in 1592 of the contents of a shop in Cley and the list of debts and debtors provides an opportunity to discuss some features of the town.
13	2012	Farming in Field Dalling 1610-1876	M Medlar	83	Using the will and inventory of Robert Stileman (died 1610) and the field book of Henry Savory (1868-1876), the author looks at farming practices in seventeenth and nineteenth century Field Dalling and compares and contrasts them with what was happening locally and in north-west Norfolk.
13	2012	Back Pages	[Various]	93	More information on the Ramms of Cley, S Dobson Notes on a Boot Found at 127-129 High Street, Blakeney, J Wright The Dean and Chapter Estate in Field Dalling: 1526 to 1900 continued, M Medlar
14	2014	Supplying the Beer: life on the road in late 18th century Norfolk	M Bird	2	Life in the rural hinterland in the 18th century was by no means as isolated as it is often portrayed. Itinerancy was not confined to Nonconformist preachers, and large sections of the population were on the move. Brewers’ draymen covered huge distances carting beer to the public houses; some journeyed as much as 550 miles a month on top of their other duties. Through their diaries the brewer’s wife Mary Hardy and her nephew Henry Raven, the apprentice, enable us to chart the daily tasks of a workforce who nurtured the product all the way from ploughing and sowing to malting, brewing and distribution around north Norfolk.
14	2014	The Social Geography of the Town of Cley in 1841	R Dunn	30	The geographical patterns of employment and land use in Cley in 1841 are explored using the Tithe Map and the 1841 Census; the main results are presented in a series of maps for the village and its sub areas, and it is suggested that five distinctive social subdivisions or neighbourhoods existed at this time.
14	2014	Capt Frederick Marryat — Langham Farmer 1843-1848	M Medlar	41	Captain Marryat farmed his estate in Langham from 1843 until his death in 1848. It is generally held that he was a failure as a farmer, losing considerable sums of money. The Norfolk Record Office holds partial farm accounts for the period 23 October 1845 to 20 April 1846 for Marryat’s estate. Using these accounts, the 1852 sale particulars of the estate and other documents at NRO, Marryat’s will and modern biographies, the author explores how successful or otherwise Marryat was as a farmer.
14	2014	The Collier Brig	S Dobson	49	Whilst researching the voyages of the Lively , a 19th century collier brig registered in Cley, the following article was found. Written in the 1850s, it gives a descriptive account of the voyage of a collier brig taking coal from Newcastle to London.
14	2014	James Hackman, Murderer, Rector of Wiveton	W Savage	53	An account of the murder by Hackmann of a young actress, a mistress of the Earl of Sandwich, with whom he was infatuated.
14	2014	History of the Cley Hall Estate (part 2)	J Ebdon	61	The continuation of this history of the Cley Hall Estate will deal with William Hardy Cozens-Hardy’s continued development and expansion of the combined Letheringsett and Cley Estates from when he inherited in 1842 until his death in 1895, his numerous children coupled with the growing influence they had in the local area, through Norfolk, to London and national politics. However, the next 50 years to 1945 were to prove far more tumultuous for the estates, as like many other country estates, this prosperity did not continue through the twentieth century with the death of the heir Raven in 1917 fighting in the First World War and the gradual break up and dispersal of almost all of the property by the end of the twentieth century.
14	2014	A Partial History of the World in One Object	E Hotblack	85	An unexpectedly wide ranging investigation of the identification of a bead.
14	2014	Back Pages	[Various]	87	Cley Channel Manor Farm, Field Dalling, E Hotblack
15	2016	Editorial		2
15	2016	Archaeological recording at the entrance to St Margaret’s churchyard, Cley-next-the-Sea	S Bates	3
15	2016	Opening a window on Cley. The archaeological excavation: historical and environmental evidence	J Peake	13	Archaeological information together with documentary and environmental evidence is used to explore the evolution of Cley Churchyard and the surrounding environment from pre-reformation to recent times.
15	2016	The Binham fieldbook of 1576	J Wright	23	Binham is fortunate in having a fieldbook from 1576 describing in some detail the land holdings in the parish. The text, in neatly written Latin, can be used to create maps showing the location of many of these holdings, which include residential property as well as land in agricultural use. This article describes the content of the fieldbook and then draws on this and other sources to convey a picture of Binham in the later 1500s.
15	2016	Sir William Heydon and his heraldic heiresses	D Cooke	40	The aim of this paper is to investigate the Coat of Arms on the 1586 Map of Blakeney Haven and the Port of Cley by John Darby.
15	2016	Christopher Ringer of Field Dalling and provision for the poor of north Norfolk, 1601-1834	M Medlar	48	The author considers provision for the porr of north Norfolk between 1601 and 1834, with particular reference to the bequests of Christopher Ringer of Field Dalling, who died in 1678.
15	2016	Farm rents for Manor Farm, Field Dalling, 1773-1821	M Medlar	51	The author investigates the rents paid to the Dean and Chgapter of Norwich Cathedral by the t4nants of Manor Farm, Field Dalling. These rents included payments in kind, and the author attempts to put monetary value to the volumes of wheat and malt that the tenant was expected to deliver to the cathedral precinct in Norwich.
15	2016	The Field names of Cley in 1841	R Dunn	55
15	2016	A General investigation: “Just Like That”	E Hotblack	63
15	2016	The wreck of the Hjørdis in 1916	J Wright	65	In 1916 a Norwegian collier, the SS Hjørdis, came to grief at the entrance to Blakeney harbour.the remains lie there still: the harbour mouth moves but the wreck does not. This year (2016) currents have scoured the wreck so that it is once more prominant and a potential danger to boats entering or leaving the harbour. Aerial photographs have have stimulated widespread comment about the 'eerie remains' of a 'Mary Celeste' or a 'zombie ship'. This article recounts the events of February1916 using contemporary press reports.
15	2016	Thomas William Bourne of Cley and Blakeney	D Josephson and RJ Bruce	71
15	2016	Blakeney World War II Parish Invasion Committee	P Peake	76
16	2018	Editorial		2
16	2018	John Darby – Land Surveyor in East Anglia in the late 16th century	D Cooke, J Hooton and N Harrison	3	Over the past 25 years, interest in the work of John Darby has been steadily increasing with early contributions from Raymond Frostick and Jonathan Hooton. Looking to the future, there is a PhD thesis on Darby being prepared by Vivienne Aldous. Meanwhile, the following articles by Diana Cooke, Jonathan Hooton and Nichola Harrison delve a stage further into his talents. The first one looks at the context of map-making in the 16th century and the different influences on Darby in making one particular map. Two further articles explore Darby’s accuracy as a Land Surveyor and discuss specific characteristics of his map-making across East Anglia. [1] Darby's Map of Blakeney Haven & Port of Cley (Diana Cooke) 2 Scale: How accurate is the map of Blakeney Haven? (Jonathan Hooton) 3 John Darby – Further Notes and Reflections (Nichola Harrison)
16	2018	Seventeenth Century Tokens at Cley	A Marsden	11	This paper examines three tokens issued in Cley in the 1650s and 1660s: halfpennies of Richard Shawe, a chandler, farthings of John Wilch, of The George (which still exists in Cley) and a Corporation token farthing of Cley in Holt Hundred. The author looks at what is known about the issuers and examines how widely their tokens circulated, with an appendix listing all known finds.
16	2018	North Norfolk from the Sea: Marine Charts before 1700	J Wright	23	Blakeney Haven and other harbours along the north Norfolk coast have had a long history of maritime activity with merchants trading around the North Sea and the Baltic, and a fishing industry once extending to Iceland. How did sailors find their way around these waters before modern methods of navigation became available? This article describes the development of marine charts before 1700 and shows how some features of the Norfolk coastline have been portrayed on them.
16	2018	William Allen, Grocer and Shipping Tycoon	J Hooton	45	William Allen was born in Weybourne in 1831 and lived in the area all his life, apart from a period at sea as a young man. In 1861 he acquired an interest in his first ship, the Parthenia, and over the next 21 years he acquired nine more ships, in whole or in part. No fewer than seven of these were lost and in 1882 he gave up ship owning and settled in Kelling as grocer, draper, postmaster and farmer, until his death in 1903.
16	2018	The Billyboy Ketch Bluejacket	S East	54	The decline of an iconic Blakeney ship mirrors the decline of the port.
16	2018	The charities of Christopher Ringer	E Hotblack	57	An article by Michael Medlar, about the Ringer Charities, was published in the Glaven Historian 15. These were Charities ‘for the poor’ established by Christopher Ringer (died 1678, Field Dalling). Eric Hotblack has responded with additional information as follows.
17	2020	Editorial		2
17	2020	Blakeney Carmelite Friary	J Wright	3	The Carmelites came to Norfolk in the 1240s and built friaries in Blakeney and Burnham Norton as well as in Norwich, King’s Lynn and Great Yarmouth. Blakeney was the last of these to be founded, sometime between 1304 and 1316. It provided support to the community for over 200 years before coming to an end in 1538 with Henry VIII’s dissolution of all friaries and monasteries. While some friaries remain in a ruined state the Blakeney buildings have disappeared almost without trace. The written records are equally sparse and do not provide enough information for a coherent history of the friary. This article brings together both the written and the physical evidence that is currently available.
17	2020	Ploughing on: a Plough Pebble from Field Dalling	E Hotblack	34	The writer explores the background of the plough pebble found while field walking in the parish of Field Dalling.
17	2020	The 1586 map of Blakeney Harbour: some further questions	F Hawes	37	This note highlights some anomalies in the western side of the map around Stiffkey and suggests a possible reason for this
17	2020	The ‘Black Book of Stiffkey’: some notes on the church of St John the Baptist, Stiffkey by the Rev. C Harold Fitch	Rev Dr TJ Fawcett	39	Charles Harold Fitch, rector of Stiffkey from 1932 to 1942, and successor to Harold Davidson, kept a book in which he compiled information on St John’s church. While not all of his notes merit publication, here I have selected three main topics which are worth putting on the record: these are (a) his notes on the church’s terriers (lists of property and land belonging to the church) from 1845 to 1933; (b) a description of the restoration work of 1935 and the opinion of the Dean of Norwich when he visited the church then and (c) a description of the gravestones or wall monuments inside the church. A fuller transcription is housed in the Blakeney Area Historical Society’s History Centre.
17	2020	The Blakeney Lifeboat Station	J Wright	48	The Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) closed its lifeboat station at Blakeney in 1935. Although much has been published about the activities of the station no comprehensive history has been written. This article is not comprehensive but does present a summary account of the life of the Blakeney station from earliest times to its closure, based largely on material already published.
17	2020	The Cley 1914 – 1918 War Project	R Jefferson	64	This article, the outcome of a project undertaken for the 100th anniversary of the First World War by the author, lists those servicemen connected with Cley who died in the First World War, adding ten more names to the 29 men listed on the War Memorial in St Margaret’s Church. The article also tells the often tragic stories of some of these men.
18	2022	Editorial		2
18	2022	A vanishing landscape: archaeological investigations at Blakeney Eye. A review of the final report	J Wright	3	Sixteen years after the excavations on Blakeney Eye the final report describing the finds and outlining the history of the site has been published. This review aims both to summarize and to comment on the content of the report. Most reviews of non-fiction books are written by people qualified to make a critical appraisal of the conclusions being put forward. The author of this review is not an archaeologist but is familiar with the site long known as the ‘Chapel’ on the Eye and took part in the surveys undertaken there by the Blakeney Area Historical Society before excavations began. The review suggests that some of the conclusions arising from the finds and stratigraphy described in the report are not the only possible ones.
18	2022	‘Spreading the heavenly contagion’: the coming of the Methodists to the Cley area 1757–1815	M Bird	18	Methodists arrived as early as 1757 in north Norfolk. These were not the Wesleyans, but their active competitors— the Calvinistic Methodists of Lady Huntingdon’s Connexion. The bitter divide between George Whitefield and John Wesley, the fathers of English Methodism, was played out on the ground across different parts of the country. Additionally, the Nonconformists had to compete with roving Church of England priests. These thrusting young Evangelicals had mostly been trained in Cambridge for their mission to awaken souls where the Established Church was thought to be failing. It proved an exciting time for parishioners, who found themselves courted by waves of itinerant preachers. First we examine how well equipped the parish clergy were to withstand the challenges facing them.
18	2022	Privateers, the press gang and service in the Sea Fencibles: the pressures on Blakeney and Cley’s seafarers c.1800	M Bird	43	This is an expanded version of an unscripted talk given to the BAHS at Cley on 30 November 2021.1 It covers aspects of life at sea and in coastal communities which are often neglected by maritime and defence historians in the period of the French wars 1793–1815. Far more merchant ships were lost to enemy privateers than to attack by warships. The depredations caused by privateers in the North Sea are exemplified by the twelve year career of the small sloop Nelly, a Dundee-built ship which spent her last four years operating from Blakeney Quay. The Royal Navy’s Impress Service, known as the press gang, posed a constant danger to merchant seamen and those in related trades. Lastly, this study highlights the significance of the local ‘Home Guard’, the Sea Fencibles, who served 1798–1810. Their records in the National Archives are a boon for family and local historians.
18	2022	The disastrous summer storm of 1833	J Hooton	56	An account of the great storm of 31 August – 1 September 1833 in which as many as 15 vessels were blown ashore between Stiffkey and Cromer, two of which were complete wrecks, and a further 29 around Wells and King’s Lynn. The images in this article are all photographs of ships wrecked later than 1833, but give an impression of what the wrecks of 1833 would have looked like.
18	2022	The pier harbour at Blakeney	J Hooton	66	This is a note of contemporary newspaper accounts of a proposal to build a Pier Harbour at Blakeney in 1835, which was never carried out. It first appeared in the BAHS Digital Newsletter 7 (November 2021).
18	2022	The Brereton dynasty: a family of 19th century engineers and the Blakeney connection	J Wright	67	A note on the distinguished Victorian engineer Richard Pearson Brereton (1818-94), assistant to I. K. Brunel, who was born at the Red House, Blakeney, and about two other members of the Brereton dynasty, also engineers and also from Blakeney: Cuthbert Arthur Brereton (1851-1910) and Robert Maitland Brereton (1834-1911).
18	2022	Two men united through heroism: Howard Brett, Cley Rocket Company and William Hibbert, HM Coast Guard	R Jefferson	71
18	2022	BOOM!	E Hotblack	76	The author describes a piece of sandstone found while field-walking at Field Dalling. This may have been deposited by a drilling rig carrying out a seismic survey in the 1960s searching for oil and natural gas, later found in the North Sea.
19	2024	Editorial		2
19	2024	John Peake 1933 – 2024	P Peake	3
19	2024	Mary Ferroussat 1927 – 2023 & Morris Arthur 1937 – 2022	J Wright	6
19	2024	Letheringsett with Little Thornage Conservation Area: The Settlement History from medieval times	I Shepherd	8
19	2024	William Allen’s first four Ships	J Hooton	16	My previous article “William Allen: Weybourne Ship Owner” in the Glaven Historian No 16, described William Allen’s life as a ship owner and tried to outline a little more of his background. However, it left much unsaid about his ships and the type of trade they were involved in. Although much is still to be discovered about is exploits this article tries to fill in a little more detail about what is known at present of his ships and trading activity. He owned nine ships during his ship owning career and they will be looked at one by one in the order that he purchased them. This article deals with his first four ships.
19	2024	Cley dead from the Second World War	R Jefferson	25	Ten names are on the memorial in the Lady Chapel in St Margaret’s Church (Fig.1). Five served in the Royal Norfolk Regiment and died at the hands of the Japanese, three of them Prisoners of War (PoWs). One other soldier, three in the Royal Navy and one in the R.A.F. make up the number.
19	2024	Cozens-Hardy Archive at the Norfolk Record Office	M Bird	33	In October 2022 a highly significant body of manuscripts, photographs and maps from the Cozens-Hardy Collection was lodged in the Norfolk Record Office (NRO) by Caroline Holland, née Cozens-Hardy. Caroline is a BAHS member and is descended from the Letheringsett diarist Mary Hardy. This newsletter item appears with her permission.
19	2024	What is a 'Tide Waiter'?	R Keljam	36
19	2024	“Stone Object”	E Hotblack	37
19	2024	The Hettie Lifeboat and the Lifeboat Houses: A Personal Odyssey	J Peake	40	As I was reading John Wright’s interesting article on the Blakeney Lifeboat Station in the Glaven Historian 17 I couldn’t stop memories flooding back. Although they started with the first time I heard of the ‘Hettie’ lifeboat, my mind rapidly wandered to earlier thoughts of seeing the iconic lifeboat buildings over 70 years ago, just after WW2 when I first visited the Point as a schoolboy, then coming back to camp there as an university student. However, my strongest memories are living by myself in the old laboratory during one winter when employed as a Research Officer by the National Trust, cooking my own meals on a primus stove and watching birds in the tamarisk bushes just outside the window, only to realise Richard Richardson was on the other side also watching. In those days the harbour was far from empty, there would be fishermen working their mussel lays, bait-diggers scattered around or Stratton Long charging out to sea in a converted lifeboat to recover targets shot down by gunnery fire from the army camps.